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St John Passion
The ''Passio secundum Johannem'' or ''St John Passion''〔Bach's Latin title is more literally "Passion according to John"〕 ((ドイツ語:Johannes-Passion)), BWV 245, is a Passion or oratorio by Johann Sebastian Bach, the older of two surviving Passions by Bach.〔Steinberg, Michael. ''Choral Masterworks: A Listener's Guide'', 19. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005.〕 It was written during Bach's first year as director of church music in Leipzig and was first performed on April 7, 1724, at Good Friday Vespers at the St. Nicholas Church.〔Williams, Peter. ''The Life of Bach'', 114. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2004.〕
The structure of the work falls in two halves, intended to flank a sermon. The anonymous libretto draws on existing works (notably Brockes') and is compiled from recitatives and choruses narrating the Passion of Christ as told in the Gospel of John, ariosos and arias reflecting on the action, and chorales using hymn tunes and texts familiar to a congregation of Bach's contemporaries.〔Daw, Stephen. ''The Music of Johann Sebastian Bach: The Choral Works'', 107. Canada: Associated University Presses, Inc. 1981.〕 Compared with the ''St Matthew Passion'', the ''St John Passion'' has been described as more extravagant, with an expressive immediacy, at times more unbridled and less "finished".〔Steinberg, 22.〕
The work is most often heard today in the 1724 version although Bach revised it in 1725, 1732, and 1749, adding several numbers. "ドイツ語:O Mensch, bewein dein Sünde groß", a 1725 replacement for the opening chorus, found a new home in the 1727 St Matthew Passion but several arias languish in appendices to modern editions.
== First performance ==
Originally Bach intended that the ''St John Passion'' would be first performed in the St. Thomas Church in Leipzig, but due to a last-minute change by the music council, it was first performed on Good Friday of 1724 in the St. Nicholas Church, shortly after Bach's 39th birthday.〔Wolff, Christoph. ''Johann Sebastian Bach: The Learned Musician'', 291. New York: WW Norton & Company. 2000.〕 Bach quickly agreed to their desire to move the service to St. Nicholas Church, but pointed out that the booklet was already printed, that there was no room available and that the harpsichord needed some repair, all of which, however, could be attended to at little cost; but he requested that a little additional room be provided in the choir loft of St. Nicholas Church, where he planned to place the musicians needed to perform the music. He also asked that the harpsichord be repaired.〔 The council agreed and sent a flyer announcing the new location to all the people around Leipzig. The council made the arrangements requested by Bach regarding the harpsichord and space needed for the choir.〔
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